1976 1980 Roman Stanisław Ingarden of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland, publishes one of the first attempts at creating a quantum information theory. 1935 Erwin Schrödinger, discussing quantum superposition with Albert Einstein and critiquing the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, develops a thought experiment in which a cat (forever known as Schrödinger's cat) is simultaneously dead and alive; Schrödinger also coins the term " quantum entanglement " . 1947 Albert Einstein refers for the first time to quantum entanglement as " spooky action at a distance " in a letter to Max Born. 1981 In a keynote speech titled Simulating Physics with Computers, Richard Feynman of the California Institute of Technology argues that a quantum computer would have the potential to simulate physical phenomena that a classical computer could not simulate. 1985 David Deutsch of the University of Oxford formulates a description for a quantum Turing machine. 1992 The Deutsch- Jozsa algorithm is one of the first examples of a quantum algorithm that is exponentially faster than any possible deterministic classical algorithm. 1993 1994 2004 First five-photon entanglement demonstrated by Jian-Wei Pan's group at the University of Science and Technology in China. The National Institute of Standards and Technology organizes the first US government-sponsored conference on quantum computing. 1996 Lov Grover of Bell Laboratories invents the quantum database search algorithm. 2002 The first version of the Quantum Computation Roadmap, a living document involving key quantum computing researchers, is published. 1999 Yasunobu Nakamura of the University of Tokyo and JawShen Tsai of Tokyo University of Science demonstrate that a superconducting circuit can be used as a qubit. 1998 First proof that a certain subclass of quantum computations can be efficiently emulated with classical computers. 11 1998 First demonstration of quantum error correction, addressing